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# Arduino 0022 Makefile
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#_______________________________________________________________________________
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# edam's arduino makefile
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#_______________________________________________________________________________
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# Copyright (c) 2011 Tim Marston <tim@ed.am>.
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# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
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#_______________________________________________________________________________
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# This is a general purpose makefile for use with Arduino (see
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# http://arduino.cc/) hardware and software. It works with the
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# arduino-1.0 release and requires that to be downloaded separately.
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# It can be downloaded from http://ed.am/dev/make/arduino-makefile
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# where you can also find more information and documentation on it's
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# use. The following text can only really be considered a reference
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# To install, it is suggested that you keep arduino.mk somewhere and
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# either symlink to it or include it in your make files. I keep mine
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# at ~/src/arduino.mk. You will need to alter the value of the
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# ARDUINODIR variable (below) to be the path where you have unpacked
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# the arduino software from arduino.cc.
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# This makefile can be used as a drop-in replacement for the Arduino
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# IDE's build system. Simply create a symlink to it under the name
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# "Makefile" and run make as described below (remembering to specify a
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# BOARD). You would create the symlink like like so:
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# $ ln -s ~/src/arduino.mk Makefile
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# The presence of a .ino or .pde file causes the arduino.mk to
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# atuomatically determine va;ues for SOURCES, TARGET and LIBRARIES.
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# Any .c, .cc and .cpp files in the project directory (or a "util" or
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# "utility" subdirectory) are automatically included in the build and
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# are scanned for libraries that have been #included.
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# Alternatively, if you want to manually specify build variables,
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# create a Makefile that defines SOURCES and LIBRARARIES and then
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# includes arduino.mk. (There is no need to define TARGET). You will
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# also be expected to provide a main() function, for example in
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# main.cc, which may or may not duplicate the functionality of the
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# default main() that calls init() and loop(). Here is an example
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# SOURCES := main.cc foo.cc
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# include ~/src/arduino.mk
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# A complete list of all the settings you can use in your Makefile
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# follows shortly. It should be noted, however, that some variables
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# are better specified in the environment or on the command line than
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# in a Makefile. Specifically, the BOARD and SERIALDEV (if it is not
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# automatically detected).
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# When running make, you might want to specify the board type:
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# Or in the environment:
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# $ export BOARD=pro5v
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# For a list of available board types, run `make boards`.
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# written by olikraus@gmail.com
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# - boards.txt is used to derive parameters
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# - All intermediate files are put into a separate directory (TMPDIRNAME)
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# - Simple use: Copy Makefile into the same directory of the .pde file
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# - requires UNIX environment
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# - TMPDIRNAME must be subdirectory of the current directory.
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# all build everything
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# upload build and upload to arduino
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# clean remove all temporary files (includes final hex file)
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# 001 28 Apr 2010 first release
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# 002 05 Oct 2010 added 'uno'
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#=== user configuration ===
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# All ...PATH variables must have a '/' at the end
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# Board (and prozessor) information: see $(ARDUINO_PATH)hardware/arduino/boards.txt
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# atmega328 Arduino Duemilanove or Nano w/ ATmega328
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# diecimila Arduino Diecimila, Duemilanove, or Nano w/ ATmega168
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# lilypad328 LilyPad Arduino w/ ATmega328
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# additional (comma separated) defines
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# -DDOGM128_HW board is connected to DOGM128 display
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# -DDOGM132_HW board is connected to DOGM132 display
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# -DDOGS102_HW board is connected to DOGS102 display
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# -DDOG_REVERSE 180 degree rotation
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# The location where the avr tools (e.g. avr-gcc) are located. Requires a '/' at the end.
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# Can be empty if all tools are accessable through the search path
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AVR_TOOLS_PATH:=/usr/bin/
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# Install path of the arduino software. Requires a '/' at the end.
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ARDUINO_PATH:=/home/edam/opt/arduino-0022/
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# Install path for avrdude. Requires a '/' at the end. Can be empty if
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# avrdude is in the search path.
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AVRDUDE_PATH:=$(ARDUINO_PATH)hardware/tools/
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# The unix device where we can reach the arduino board
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# Duemilanove: /dev/ttyUSB0
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AVRDUDE_PORT:=/dev/ttyACM0
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# List of all libaries which should be included.
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#EXTRA_DIRS+=$(ARDUINO_PATH)libraries/SPI/
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#EXTRA_DIRS+=$(ARDUINO_PATH)libraries/Ethernet/
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#EXTRA_DIRS+=$(ARDUINO_PATH)libraries/Ethernet/utility/
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#=== fetch parameter from boards.txt processor parameter ===
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# the basic idea is to get most of the information from boards.txt
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BOARDS_TXT:=$(ARDUINO_PATH)hardware/arduino/boards.txt
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# get the MCU value from the $(BOARD).build.mcu variable. For the
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# atmega328 board this is atmega328p
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MCU:=$(shell sed -n -e "s/$(BOARD).build.mcu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_TXT))
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# get the F_CPU value from the $(BOARD).build.f_cpu variable. For the
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# atmega328 board this is 16000000
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F_CPU:=$(shell sed -n -e "s/$(BOARD).build.f_cpu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_TXT))
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# get the AVRDUDE_UPLOAD_RATE value from the $(BOARD).upload.speed
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# variable. For the atmega328 board this is 57600
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AVRDUDE_UPLOAD_RATE:=$(shell sed -n -e "s/$(BOARD).upload.speed=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_TXT))
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# get the AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER value from the $(BOARD).upload.protocol
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# variable. For the atmega328 board this is stk500
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#AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER:=$(shell sed -n -e "s/$(BOARD).upload.protocol=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_TXT))
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# use stk500v1, because stk500 will default to stk500v2
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AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER:=stk500v1
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#=== identify user files ===
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PDESRC:=$(shell ls *.pde)
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TARGETNAME=$(basename $(PDESRC))
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CDIRS:=$(EXTRA_DIRS) $(addsuffix utility/,$(EXTRA_DIRS))
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CDIRS:=*.c utility/*.c $(addsuffix *.c,$(CDIRS)) $(ARDUINO_PATH)hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/*.c
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CSRC:=$(shell ls $(CDIRS) 2>/dev/null)
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CCSRC:=$(shell ls *.cc 2>/dev/null)
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CPPDIRS:=$(EXTRA_DIRS) $(addsuffix utility/,$(EXTRA_DIRS))
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CPPDIRS:=*.cpp utility/*.cpp $(addsuffix *.cpp,$(CPPDIRS)) $(ARDUINO_PATH)hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/*.cpp
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CPPSRC:=$(shell ls $(CPPDIRS) 2>/dev/null)
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#=== build internal variables ===
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# the name of the subdirectory where everything is stored
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TMPDIRPATH:=$(TMPDIRNAME)/
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AVRTOOLSPATH:=$(AVR_TOOLS_PATH)
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OBJCOPY:=$(AVRTOOLSPATH)avr-objcopy
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OBJDUMP:=$(AVRTOOLSPATH)avr-objdump
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SIZE:=$(AVRTOOLSPATH)avr-size
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CPPSRC:=$(addprefix $(TMPDIRPATH),$(PDESRC:.pde=.cpp)) $(CPPSRC)
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CCOBJ:=$(CCSRC:.cc=.o)
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CPPOBJ:=$(CPPSRC:.cpp=.o)
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OBJFILES:=$(COBJ) $(CCOBJ) $(CPPOBJ)
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DIRS:= $(dir $(OBJFILES))
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DEPFILES:=$(OBJFILES:.o=.d)
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# assembler files from avr-gcc -S
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ASSFILES:=$(OBJFILES:.o=.s)
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# disassembled object files with avr-objdump -S
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DISFILES:=$(OBJFILES:.o=.dis)
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LIBNAME:=$(TMPDIRPATH)$(TARGETNAME).a
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ELFNAME:=$(TMPDIRPATH)$(TARGETNAME).elf
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HEXNAME:=$(TMPDIRPATH)$(TARGETNAME).hex
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AVRDUDE_FLAGS = -V -F
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AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -C $(ARDUINO_PATH)/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf
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AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -p $(MCU)
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AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -P $(AVRDUDE_PORT)
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AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -c $(AVRDUDE_PROGRAMMER)
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AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -b $(AVRDUDE_UPLOAD_RATE)
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AVRDUDE_FLAGS += -U flash:w:$(HEXNAME)
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AVRDUDE = $(AVRDUDE_PATH)avrdude
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#=== predefined variable override ===
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# use "make -p -f/dev/null" to see the default rules and definitions
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# Build C and C++ flags. Include path information must be placed here
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COMMON_FLAGS = -DF_CPU=$(F_CPU) -mmcu=$(MCU) $(DEFS)
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# COMMON_FLAGS += -gdwarf-2
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COMMON_FLAGS += -Wall -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
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COMMON_FLAGS += -I. -Iutility
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COMMON_FLAGS += -I$(ARDUINO_PATH)hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
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COMMON_FLAGS += $(addprefix -I,$(EXTRA_DIRS))
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COMMON_FLAGS += -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wl,--gc-sections
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COMMON_FLAGS += -Wl,--relax
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COMMON_FLAGS += -mcall-prologues
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CFLAGS = $(COMMON_FLAGS) -std=gnu99 -Wstrict-prototypes
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CXXFLAGS = $(COMMON_FLAGS)
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# Replace standard build tools by avr tools
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CC = $(AVRTOOLSPATH)avr-gcc
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CXX = $(AVRTOOLSPATH)avr-g++
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AR = @$(AVRTOOLSPATH)avr-ar
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# "rm" must be able to delete a directory tree
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# add rules for the C/C++ files where the .o file is placed in the
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# TMPDIRPATH reuse existing variables as far as possible
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.o: %.c
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@$(COMPILE.c) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.o: %.cc
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@$(COMPILE.cc) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.o: %.cpp
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@$(COMPILE.cpp) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) $<
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.s: %.c
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@$(COMPILE.c) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -S $<
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.s: %.cc
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@$(COMPILE.cc) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -S $<
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.s: %.cpp
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@$(COMPILE.cpp) $(OUTPUT_OPTION) -S $<
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.dis: $(TMPDIRPATH)%.o
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@$(OBJDUMP) -S $< > $@
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.SUFFIXES: .elf .hex .pde
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@$(OBJCOPY) -O ihex -R .eeprom $< $@
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.cpp: %.pde
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@cat $(ARDUINO_PATH)hardware/arduino/cores/arduino/main.cpp > $@
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@echo 'extern "C" void __cxa_pure_virtual() { while (1); }' >> $@
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all: tmpdir $(HEXNAME) assemblersource showsize
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ls -al $(HEXNAME) $(ELFNAME)
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$(ELFNAME): $(LIBNAME)($(addprefix $(TMPDIRPATH),$(OBJFILES)))
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$(LINK.o) $(COMMON_FLAGS) $(LIBNAME) $(LOADLIBES) $(LDLIBS) -o $@
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$(LIBNAME)(): $(addprefix $(TMPDIRPATH),$(OBJFILES))
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#=== create temp directory ===
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# not really required, because it will be also created during the
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# dependency handling
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@test -d $(TMPDIRPATH) || mkdir $(TMPDIRPATH)
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#=== create assembler files for each C/C++ file ===
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.PHONY: assemblersource
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assemblersource: $(addprefix $(TMPDIRPATH),$(ASSFILES)) $(addprefix $(TMPDIRPATH),$(DISFILES))
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#=== show the section sizes of the ELF file ===
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#=== clean up target ===
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# this is simple: the TMPDIRPATH is removed
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# Here is a list of all configuration parameters:
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# BOARD Specify a target board type.
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# SERIALDEV The unix device of the device where the arduino can be
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# found. If unspecified, an attempt is made to determine
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# the name of a connected arduino's serial device.
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# The following configuration parameters can be determined automatically:
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# TARGET The name of the target file. This need not be set if it
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# is not determined automatically.
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# SOURCES A list of all source files of whatever language. The
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# language type is determined by the file extension.
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# LIBRARIES A list of arduino libraries to build and include.
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# This general-purpose makefile also defines the following goals for
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# use on the command line when you run make:
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# all This is the default if no goal is specified. It builds
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# the target and uploads it.
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# target Builds the target of your Makefile.
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# upload Uploads the target to an attached arduino.
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# clean Deletes temporary files.
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# <file> Builds the specified file, either an object file or the
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# target, from those that that would be built for the
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#_______________________________________________________________________________
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# The full path to the arduino software, from arduino.cc
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ARDUINODIR := $(wildcard ~/opt/arduino-1.0)
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# check arduino software
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ifeq ($(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt), )
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$(error ARDUINODIR is not set correctly at the top of arduino.mk)
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INOFILE := $(wildcard *.ino *.pde)
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ifneq ($(words $(INOFILE)), 1)
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$(error There is more than one .pde or .ino file in this directory!)
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TARGET := $(basename $(INOFILE))
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SOURCES := $(INOFILE) \
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$(wildcard *.c *.cc *.cpp) \
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$(wildcard $(addprefix util/, *.c *.cc *.cpp)) \
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$(wildcard $(addprefix utility/, *.c *.cc *.cpp))
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# automatically determine included libraries
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ARDUINOLIBSAVAIL := $(notdir $(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/*))
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LIBRARIES := $(filter $(ARDUINOLIBSAVAIL), \
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$(shell sed -ne "s/^ *\# *include *[<\"]\(.*\)\.h[>\"]/\1/p" $(SOURCES)))
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# no target? use default
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# no serial device? attempt to detect an arduino
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SERIALDEV := $(firstword $(wildcard /dev/ttyACM? /dev/ttyUSB?))
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# no board? oh dear...
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ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "boards"
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ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
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$(error BOARD is unset. Type 'make boards' to see possible values)
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OBJECTS := $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
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ARDUINOSRCDIR := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
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ARDUINOLIB := _arduino.a
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ARDUINOLIBTMP := _arduino.a.tmp
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ARDUINOLIBOBJS := $(patsubst %, $(ARDUINOLIBTMP)/%.o, $(basename $(notdir \
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$(wildcard $(addprefix $(ARDUINOSRCDIR)/, *.c *.cpp)))))
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ARDUINOLIBOBJS += $(foreach lib, $(LIBRARIES), \
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$(patsubst %, $(ARDUINOLIBTMP)/%.o, $(basename $(notdir \
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$(wildcard $(addprefix $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/$(lib)/, *.c *.cpp))))))
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# obtain board parameters from the arduino boards.txt file
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BOARDS_FILE := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt
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$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.mcu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
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BOARD_BUILD_FCPU := \
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$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.f_cpu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
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BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT := \
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$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.variant=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
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BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED := \
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$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).upload.speed=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
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BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL := \
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$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).upload.protocol=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
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OBJCOPY := avr-objcopy
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CPPFLAGS = -Os -Wall -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
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CPPFLAGS += -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) -DF_CPU=$(BOARD_BUILD_FCPU)
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CPPFLAGS += -I. -Iutil -Iutility -I$(ARDUINOSRCDIR)
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CPPFLAGS += -I$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/variants/$(BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT)/
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CPPFLAGS += $(addprefix -I$(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/,$(LIBRARIES))
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AVRDUDEFLAGS = -C $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -DV
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AVRDUDEFLAGS += -p $(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) -P $(SERIALDEV)
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AVRDUDEFLAGS += -c $(BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL) -b $(BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED)
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LINKFLAGS = -Os -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)
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#_______________________________________________________________________________
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.PHONY: all target upload clean boards
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target: $(TARGET).hex
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stty -F $(SERIALDEV) hupcl
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$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDEFLAGS) -U flash:w:$(TARGET).hex:i
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# Program the device.
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# step 1: reset the arduino board with the stty command
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# step 2: user avrdude to upload the software
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stty -F $(AVRDUDE_PORT) hupcl
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$(AVRDUDE) $(AVRDUDE_FLAGS)
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# === dependency handling ===
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# From the gnu make manual (section 4.14, Generating Prerequisites
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# Automatically) Additionally (because this will be the first executed
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# rule) TMPDIRPATH is created here. Instead of "sed" the "echo"
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# cd $(TMPDIRPATH); mkdir -p $(DIRS) 2> /dev/null; cd ..
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DEPACTION=test -d $(TMPDIRPATH) || mkdir $(TMPDIRPATH);\
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mkdir -p $(addprefix $(TMPDIRPATH),$(DIRS));\
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set -e; echo -n $@ $(dir $@) > $@; $(CC) -MM $(COMMON_FLAGS) $< >> $@
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.d: %.c
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.d: %.cc
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$(TMPDIRPATH)%.d: %.cpp
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# Include dependency files. If a .d file is missing, a warning is
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# created and the .d file is created This warning is not a problem
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# (gnu make manual, section 3.3 Including Other Makefiles)
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-include $(addprefix $(TMPDIRPATH),$(DEPFILES))
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rm -f $(TARGET).elf $(TARGET).hex $(ARDUINOLIB) *~
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rm -rf $(ARDUINOLIBTMP)
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@echo Available values for BOARD:
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@sed -ne '/^#/d;s/^\(.*\).name=\(.*\)/\1 \2/;T' \
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-e 's/\(.\{12\}\) *\(.*\)/\1 \2/;p' $(BOARDS_FILE)
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# building the target
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$(TARGET).hex: $(TARGET).elf
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$(OBJCOPY) -O ihex -R .eeprom $< $@
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.INTERMEDIATE: $(TARGET).elf
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$(TARGET).elf: $(ARDUINOLIB) $(OBJECTS)
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$(CC) $(LINKFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) $(ARDUINOLIB) -o $@
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$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ -x c++ -include $(ARDUINOSRCDIR)/Arduino.h $<
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$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ -x c++ -include $(ARDUINOSRCDIR)/Arduino.h $<
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# building the arduino library
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$(ARDUINOLIB): $(ARDUINOLIBOBJS)
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rm -rf $(ARDUINOLIBTMP)
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.INTERMEDIATE: $(ARDUINOLIBOBJS)
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$(ARDUINOLIBTMP)/%.o: $(ARDUINOSRCDIR)/%.c
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@test -d $(ARDUINOLIBTMP) || mkdir $(ARDUINOLIBTMP)
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$(COMPILE.c) -o $@ $<
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$(ARDUINOLIBTMP)/%.o: $(ARDUINOSRCDIR)/%.cpp
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@test -d $(ARDUINOLIBTMP) || mkdir $(ARDUINOLIBTMP)
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$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<
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$(ARDUINOLIBTMP)/%.o: $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/*/%.c
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@test -d $(ARDUINOLIBTMP) || mkdir $(ARDUINOLIBTMP)
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$(COMPILE.c) -o $@ $<
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$(ARDUINOLIBTMP)/%.o: $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/*/%.cpp
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@test -d $(ARDUINOLIBTMP) || mkdir $(ARDUINOLIBTMP)
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$(COMPILE.cpp) -o $@ $<