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# $ ln -s ~/src/arduino.mk Makefile
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# You also need to set up a couple of environment variables. ARDUINODIR should
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# You also need to set up a couple of environment varibales. ARDUINODIR should
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# be set to the path where you unpacked the arduino software from arduino.cc
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# (it defaults to ~/opt/arduino if unset). You might be best to set this in
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# your ~/.profile by adding something like this:
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# You will also need to set BOARD to the type of arduino you're using. This
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# can be done when running make (or you could set a default in ~/.profile and
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# override it as necessary). For example:
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# iverride it as necessary). For example:
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# $ export BOARD=uno
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# You may also need to set SERIALDEV if it is not detected correctly.
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# The presence of a .ino (or .pde) file causes the arduino.mk to automatically
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# determine values for SOURCES, TARGET and LIBRARIES. Any .c, .cc and .cpp
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# files in the project directory (or any "util" or "utility" subdirectories)
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# are automatically included in the build and are scanned for Arduino libraries
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# that have been #included. Note, there can only be one .ino (or .pde) file.
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# The presence of a .ino or .pde file causes the arduino.mk to atuomatically
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# determine va;ues for SOURCES, TARGET and LIBRARIES. Any .c, .cc and .cpp
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# files in the project directory (or any "util" or "utility" subdirectoried)
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# are automatically included in the build and are scanned for Atduino libraries
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# that have been #included.
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# Alternatively, if you want to manually specify build variables, create a
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# Makefile that defines SOURCES and LIBRARIES and then includes arduino.mk.
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# Makefile that defines SOURCES and LIBRARARIES and then includes arduino.mk.
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# (There is no need to define TARGET). Here is an example Makefile:
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# SOURCES := main.cc other.cc
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# ARDUINODIR The path where you have installed/unpacked the arduino software
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# (from http://arduino.cc/)
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# ARDUINOCONST The arduino software version, as an integer, used to define the
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# ARDUINO version constant. This defaults to 100 if unset.
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# AVRTOOLSPATH A space-separated list of directories to search in order when
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# lookin for the avr build tools. This defaults to the system PATH
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# followed by subdirectories in ARDUINODIR if unset.
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# BOARD Specify a target board type. Run `make boards` to see available
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# LIBRARIES A list of arduino libraries to build and include. This is set
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# automatically if a .ino (or .pde) is found.
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# SERIALDEV The unix device name of the serial device that is the arduino.
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# SERIALDEV The unix device of the device where the arduino can be found.
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# If unspecified, an attempt is made to determine the name of a
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# connected arduino's serial device.
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# TARGET The name of the target file. This is set automatically if a
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# .ino or .pde is found, but it is not neccesary to set it
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# SOURCES A list of all source files of whatever language. The language
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# type is determined by the file extension. This is set
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# automatically if a .ino (or .pde) is found.
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# automatically if a .ino or .pde is found.
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# TARGET The name of the target file. This is set automatically if a
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# .ino (or .pde) is found, but it is not necessary to set it
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# LIBRARIES A list of arduino libraries to build and include. This is set
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# automatically if a .ino or .pde is found.
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# This makefile also defines the following goals for use on the command line
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# when you run make:
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# boards Display a list of available board names, so that you can set the
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# BOARD environment variable appropriately.
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# monitor Start `screen` on the serial device. This is meant to be an
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# equivalent to the arduino serial monitor.
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# monitor Start `screen` on the serial device. It is ment to be an
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# equivelant to the arduino serial monitor.
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# <file> Builds the specified file, either an object file or the target,
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# from those that that would be built for the project.
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#_______________________________________________________________________________
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# default arduino software directory, check software exists
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# The full path to the arduino software, from arduino.cc
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ifndef ARDUINODIR
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ARDUINODIR := $(wildcard ~/opt/arduino)
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# check arduino software
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ifeq ($(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt), )
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$(error ARDUINODIR is not set correctly; arduino software not found)
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# default arduino version
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# default path for avr tools
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AVRTOOLSPATH := $(subst :, , $(PATH))
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AVRTOOLSPATH += $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools
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AVRTOOLSPATH += $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin
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INOFILE := $(wildcard *.ino *.pde)
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ifneq ($(words $(INOFILE)), 1)
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$(error There is more than one .pde or .ino file in this directory!)
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# automatically determine sources and targeet
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TARGET := $(basename $(INOFILE))
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SOURCES := $(INOFILE) \
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$(wildcard *.c *.cc *.cpp) \
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$(wildcard $(addprefix util/, *.c *.cc *.cpp)) \
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$(wildcard $(addprefix utility/, *.c *.cc *.cpp))
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# automatically determine included libraries
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ARDUINOLIBSAVAIL := $(notdir $(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/*))
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LIBRARIES := $(filter $(ARDUINOLIBSAVAIL), \
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$(shell sed -ne "s/^ *\# *include *[<\"]\(.*\)\.h[>\"]/\1/p" $(SOURCES)))
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# no target? use default
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# no serial device? attempt to detect an arduino
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ifeq ($(SERIALDEV), )
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SERIALDEV := $(firstword $(wildcard /dev/ttyACM? /dev/ttyUSB?))
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# no board? oh dear...
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# no serial device? make a poor attempt to detect an arduino
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ifeq ($(SERIALDEV), )
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SERIALDEV := $(firstword $(wildcard /dev/ttyACM? /dev/ttyUSB?))
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findsoftware = $(firstword $(wildcard $(addsuffix /$(1), $(AVRTOOLSPATH))))
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CC := $(call findsoftware,avr-gcc)
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CXX := $(call findsoftware,avr-g++)
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LD := $(call findsoftware,avr-ld)
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AR := $(call findsoftware,avr-ar)
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OBJCOPY := $(call findsoftware,avr-objcopy)
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AVRDUDE := $(call findsoftware,avrdude)
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TARGET := $(if $(TARGET),$(TARGET),a.out)
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OBJECTS := $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
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ARDUINOSRCDIR := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
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ARDUINOLIBSDIR := $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries
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$(patsubst %, $(ARDUINOLIBTMP)/%.o, $(basename $(notdir \
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$(wildcard $(addprefix $(ARDUINOLIBSDIR)/$(lib)/, *.c *.cpp)) \
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$(wildcard $(addprefix $(ARDUINOLIBSDIR)/$(lib)/utility/, *.c *.cpp)) ))))
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AVRDUDECONF := $(wildcard $(AVRDUDE).conf)
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# obtain board parameters from the arduino boards.txt file
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BOARDS_FILE := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt
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BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL := \
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$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).upload.protocol=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
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# prefer software that comes with arduino
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TOOLSDIRPREFIX = $(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/)
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TOOLSAVRDIRPREFIX = $(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/)
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# software (prioritise binaries that came with arduino software)
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FIND_SOFTWARE = $(firstword $(wildcard \
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$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/$(1) \
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$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin/$(1) \
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CC := $(call FIND_SOFTWARE,avr-gcc)
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CXX := $(call FIND_SOFTWARE,avr-g++)
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LD := $(call FIND_SOFTWARE,avr-ld)
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AR := $(call FIND_SOFTWARE,avr-ar)
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OBJCOPY := $(call FIND_SOFTWARE,avr-objcopy)
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AVRDUDE := $(call FIND_SOFTWARE,avrdude)
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CPPFLAGS := -Os -Wall -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
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CPPFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
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CPPFLAGS += -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)
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CPPFLAGS += -DF_CPU=$(BOARD_BUILD_FCPU) -DARDUINO=$(ARDUINOCONST)
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CPPFLAGS = -Os -Wall -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
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CPPFLAGS += -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) -DF_CPU=$(BOARD_BUILD_FCPU)
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CPPFLAGS += -I. -Iutil -Iutility -I$(ARDUINOSRCDIR)
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CPPFLAGS += -I$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/variants/$(BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT)/
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CPPFLAGS += $(addprefix -I$(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/, $(LIBRARIES))
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CPPFLAGS += $(patsubst %, -I$(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/%/utility, $(LIBRARIES))
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AVRDUDEFLAGS := $(addprefix -C , $(AVRDUDECONF)) -DV
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AVRDUDEFLAGS = -C $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf -DV
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AVRDUDEFLAGS += -p $(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) -P $(SERIALDEV)
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AVRDUDEFLAGS += -c $(BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL) -b $(BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED)
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LINKFLAGS := -Os -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)
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LINKFLAGS = -Os -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)
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.DEFAULT_GOAL := all
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@test -n "$(SERIALDEV)" || { \
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echo "error: SERIALDEV could not be determined automatically." >&2; \
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@test -n `which screen` || { \
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echo "error: can't find GNU screen, you might need to install it." >&2 \
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screen $(SERIALDEV)
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# building the target