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# This is a general purpose makefile for use with Arduino hardware and
31
# software. It works with the arduino-1.0 software release. To download the
32
# latest version of this makefile, visit the following website, where you can
33
# also find more information and documentation on it's use. The following text
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# can only really be considered a reference to it's use.
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# software. It is intended to be a drop-in replacement for the Arduino IDE's
32
# build system. It works with the Arduino 1.0 and 1.5 software releases, on
33
# GNU/Linux and OS X. To download the latest version of this makefile visit
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# the following website where you can also find documentation on it's use.
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# (The following text can only really be considered a reference.)
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# http://ed.am/dev/make/arduino-mk
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# This makefile can be used as a drop-in replacement for the Arduino IDE's
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# build system. To use it, save arduino.mk somewhere (I keep mine at
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# ~/src/arduino.mk) and create a symlink to it in your project directory named
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# "Makefile". For example:
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# To use this makefile, copy arduino.mk in to your project directory. Or, you
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# could save it somewhere (I keep mine at ~/src/arduino.mk) and create a
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# symlink to it in your project directory, named "Makefile". For example:
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# $ ln -s ~/src/arduino.mk Makefile
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# The Arduino software (version 1.0 or later) is required. If you are using
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# Debian (or a derivative), type `apt-get install arduino`. Otherwise, you
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# will have to download the Arduino software manually from http://arduino.cc/.
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# It is suggested that you install it at ~/opt/arduino if you are unsure.
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# The Arduino software (version 1.0 or later, including the new 1.5 BETA) is
46
# required. On GNU/Linux you can probably install the software from your
47
# package manager. If you are using Debian (or a derivative), try `apt-get
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# install arduino`. Otherwise, you can download the Arduino software manually
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# from http://arduino.cc/. It is suggested that you install it at
50
# ~/opt/arduino (or /Applications on OS X) if you are unsure.
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# If you downloaded the Arduino software manually and unpacked it somewhere
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# other than ~/opt/arduino, you will need to set up ARDUINODIR to be the path
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# where you unpacked it. (If unset, ARDUINODIR defaults to ~/opt/arduino and
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# then /usr/share/arduino, in that order.) You might be best to set this in
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# your ~/.profile by adding something like this:
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# export ARDUINODIR=~/somewhere/arduino-1.0
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# You will also need to set BOARD to the type of Arduino you're building for.
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# Type `make boards` for a list of acceptable values. You could set a default
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# in your ~/.profile if you want, but it is suggested that you specify this at
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# build time, especially if you work with different types of Arduino. For
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# *other* than ~/opt/arduino (or /Applications), you will need to set up the
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# ARDUINODIR environment variable to be the directory where you unpacked it.
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# (If unset, ARDUINODIR defaults to some sensible places). You could set this
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# in your ~/.profile by adding something like this:
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# export ARDUINODIR=~/somewhere/arduino-1.0.5
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# For each project, you will also need to set BOARD to the type of Arduino
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# you're building for. Type `make boards` for a list of acceptable values.
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# $ export BOARD=uno
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# You may also need to set SERIALDEV if it is not detected correctly.
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# Note that if you're using the newer 1.5 Arduino software and the board you
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# want to use is availble with different processors, you will also need to
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# specify one. For example:
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# $ export BOARD=mini.atmega328
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# You may also need to set SERIALDEV if your Arduino is not detected correctly.
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# The presence of a .ino (or .pde) file causes the arduino.mk to automatically
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# determine values for SOURCES, TARGET and LIBRARIES. Any .c, .cc and .cpp
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# files in the project directory (or any "util" or "utility" subdirectories)
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# are automatically included in the build and are scanned for Arduino libraries
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# that have been #included. Note, there can only be one .ino (or .pde) file.
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# determine values for SOURCES, TARGET and which libraries to pull-in to the
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# build (although you can still override thius by setting LIBRARIES). Any .c,
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# .cc and .cpp files in the project directory (or any "util" or "utility"
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# subdirectories) are automatically included in the build and are scanned for
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# Arduino libraries that have been #included. Note, there can only be one .ino
80
# (or .pde) file in a project directory and if you want to be compatible with
81
# the Arduino IDE, it should be called the same as the directory name.
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# Alternatively, if you want to manually specify build variables, create a
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# Makefile that defines SOURCES and LIBRARIES and then includes arduino.mk.
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# (There is no need to define TARGET). Here is an example Makefile:
85
# (You don't need to define TARGET). You can also specify the BOARD here, if
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# the project has a specific one. Here is an example Makefile:
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# SOURCES := main.cc other.cc
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# LIBRARIES := EEPROM
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# include ~/src/arduino.mk
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# Here is a complete list of configuration parameters:
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# Here is a complete list of environment variables that affect the build:
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# ARDUINODIR The path where the Arduino software is installed on your system.
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# ARDUINODIR The directory where the Arduino software resides on your system.
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# ARDUINOCONST The Arduino software version, as an integer, used to define the
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# ARDUINO version constant. This defaults to 100 if undefined.
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# AVRDUDECONF The avrdude.conf to use. If undefined, this defaults to a guess
91
# based on where the avrdude in use is. If empty, no avrdude.conf
92
# is passed to avrdude (to the system default is used).
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# AVRTOOLSPATH A space-separated list of directories to search in order when
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# looking for the avr build tools. This defaults to the system PATH
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# followed by subdirectories in ARDUINODIR if undefined.
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# ARDUINO version constant. This defaults to 100 if undefined.
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# AVRDUDECONF The avrdude.conf to use. If undefined, this defaults to a guess
101
# based on where avrdude is. If set empty, no avrdude.conf is
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# passed to avrdude (so the system default is used).
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# AVRDUDEFLAGS Specify any additional flags for avrdude. The usual flags,
105
# required to build the project, will be appended to this.
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# AVRTOOLSPATH A space-separated list of directories that is searched in order
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# when looking for the avr build tools. This defaults to PATH,
109
# followed by subdirectories in ARDUINODIR.
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# BOARD Specify a target board type. Run `make boards` to see available
112
# board types. For Arduino 1.5, you will also need to specify a
113
# processor if the board supports multiple processors (see above).
115
# CPPFLAGS Specify any additional flags for the compiler. The usual flags,
116
# required to build the project, will be appended to this.
118
# LINKFLAGS Specify any additional flags for the linker. The usual flags,
119
# required to build the project, will be appended to this.
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# LIBRARIES A list of Arduino libraries to build and include. This is set
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122
# automatically if a .ino (or .pde) is found.
104
# SERIALDEV The unix device name of the serial device that is the Arduino.
105
# If unspecified, an attempt is made to determine the name of a
106
# connected Arduino's serial device.
124
# LIBRARYPATH A space-separated list of directories that is searched in order
125
# when looking for Arduino libraries. This defaults to "libs",
126
# "libraries" (in the project directory), then your sketchbook
127
# "libraries" directory, then the Arduino libraries directory.
129
# SERIALDEV The POSIX device name of the serial device that is the Arduino.
130
# If unspecified, an attempt is made to guess the name of a
131
# connected Arduino's serial device, which may work in some cases.
108
133
# SOURCES A list of all source files of whatever language. The language
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134
# type is determined by the file extension. This is set
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157
# monitor Start `screen` on the serial device. This is meant to be an
132
158
# equivalent to the Arduino serial monitor.
134
# size Displays size information about the bulit target.
160
# size Displays size information about the built target.
162
# bootloader Burns the bootloader for your board to it.
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# <file> Builds the specified file, either an object file or the target,
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165
# from those that that would be built for the project.
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166
#_______________________________________________________________________________
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# default arduino software directory, check software exists
169
# default arduino software directory
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170
ifndef ARDUINODIR
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ARDUINODIR := $(firstword $(wildcard ~/opt/arduino /usr/share/arduino))
171
ARDUINODIR := $(firstword $(wildcard ~/opt/arduino /usr/share/arduino \
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/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Resources/Java \
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$(HOME)/Applications/Arduino.app/Contents/Resources/Java))
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ifeq "$(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt)" ""
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# check ARDUINODIR (and determine which backends are available)
177
ifneq "" "$(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt)"
179
else ifneq "" "$(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/avr/boards.txt)"
180
ARDUINOBACKENDS := /avr /sam
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$(error ARDUINODIR is not set correctly; arduino software not found)
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# default arduino version
152
# default path for avr tools
154
AVRTOOLSPATH := $(subst :, , $(PATH))
155
AVRTOOLSPATH += $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools
156
AVRTOOLSPATH += $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin
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ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "boards"
188
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
189
$(error BOARD is unset. Type 'make boards' to see possible values)
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# obtain board parameters from the arduino boards.txt file(s)
195
BOARDSFILES := $(foreach dir, $(ARDUINOBACKENDS), \
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$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino$(dir)/boards.txt)
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ifeq "$(ARDUINOBACKENDS)" "/"
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readboardsparam = $(shell sed -ne "s/^$(BOARD)\\.$(1)=\(.*\)/\1/p" \
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readboardsparam = $(firstword \
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$(call readboardsmenuparam,$(1),$(basename $(BOARD)),$(suffix $(BOARD))) \
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$(shell sed -ne "s/^$(basename $(BOARD))\\.$(1)=\(.*\)/\1/p" \
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ifneq "$(wildcard /usr/bin/perl)" ""
206
readboardsmenuparam = $(shell perl -ne \
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'/^$(2)\.menu\.cpu/ && s/.*$(3)\.$(1)=(.*)/\1/i && print' $(BOARDSFILES))
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readboardsmenuparam = $(shell sed -ne '/^$(2)\.menu\.cpu/ {' \
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-e 's/.*$(3)\.$(1)=\(.*\)/\1/p' -e '}' $(BOARDSFILES))
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BOARD_BUILD_MCU := $(call readboardsparam,build.mcu)
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BOARD_BUILD_FCPU := $(call readboardsparam,build.f_cpu)
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BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT := $(call readboardsparam,build.variant)
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BOARD_BUILD_CORE := $(call readboardsparam,build.core)
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BOARD_BUILD_BOARD := $(call readboardsparam,build.board)
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BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED := $(call readboardsparam,upload.speed)
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BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL := $(call readboardsparam,upload.protocol)
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BOARD_USB_VID := $(call readboardsparam,build.vid)
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BOARD_USB_PID := $(call readboardsparam,build.pid)
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BOARD_BOOTLOADER_UNLOCK := $(call readboardsparam,bootloader.unlock_bits)
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BOARD_BOOTLOADER_LOCK := $(call readboardsparam,bootloader.lock_bits)
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BOARD_BOOTLOADER_LFUSES := $(call readboardsparam,bootloader.low_fuses)
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BOARD_BOOTLOADER_HFUSES := $(call readboardsparam,bootloader.high_fuses)
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BOARD_BOOTLOADER_EFUSES := $(call readboardsparam,bootloader.extended_fuses)
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BOARD_BOOTLOADER_PATH := $(call readboardsparam,bootloader.path)
228
BOARD_BOOTLOADER_FILE := $(call readboardsparam,bootloader.file)
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ifeq "$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)" ""
232
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "boards"
233
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
234
$(error BOARD is invalid. Type 'make boards' to see possible values)
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# obtain preferences from the IDE's preferences.txt
240
PREFERENCESFILE := $(firstword $(wildcard \
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$(HOME)/.arduino/preferences.txt $(HOME)/Library/Arduino/preferences.txt))
242
ifneq "$(PREFERENCESFILE)" ""
243
readpreferencesparam = $(shell sed -ne "s/$(1)=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(PREFERENCESFILE))
244
SKETCHBOOKDIR := $(call readpreferencesparam,sketchbook.path)
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# arduino directories
248
ARDUINOBACKENDDIR := $(strip $(foreach dir, $(ARDUINOBACKENDS), \
249
$(if $(shell grep ^$(basename $(BOARD))\\.name \
250
$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino$(dir)/boards.txt), \
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$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino$(dir))))
252
ARDUINOBACKENDARCH=AVR
253
ARDUINOCOREDIR := $(ARDUINOBACKENDDIR)/cores/$(BOARD_BUILD_CORE)
255
# default library path (places to look for libraries)
256
LIBRARYPATH ?= libraries libs $(SKETCHBOOKDIR)/libraries \
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$(ARDUINODIR)/libraries $(ARDUINOBACKENDDIR)/libraries
160
260
INOFILE := $(wildcard *.ino *.pde)
163
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$(error There is more than one .pde or .ino file in this directory!)
166
# automatically determine sources and targeet
266
# automatically determine sources and target
167
267
TARGET := $(basename $(INOFILE))
168
268
SOURCES := $(INOFILE) \
169
$(wildcard *.c *.cc *.cpp) \
170
$(wildcard $(addprefix util/, *.c *.cc *.cpp)) \
171
$(wildcard $(addprefix utility/, *.c *.cc *.cpp))
173
# automatically determine included libraries
174
LIBRARIES := $(filter $(notdir $(wildcard $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/*)), \
175
$(shell sed -ne "s/^ *\# *include *[<\"]\(.*\)\.h[>\"]/\1/p" $(SOURCES)))
179
# no serial device? make a poor attempt to detect an arduino
181
ifeq "$(SERIALDEV)" ""
182
SERIALDEV := $(firstword $(wildcard \
183
/dev/ttyACM? /dev/ttyUSB? /dev/tty.usbserial* /dev/tty.usbmodem*))
269
$(wildcard *.c *.cc *.cpp *.C *.s *.S) \
270
$(wildcard $(addprefix util/, *.c *.cc *.cpp *.C *.s *.S)) \
271
$(wildcard $(addprefix utility/, *.c *.cc *.cpp *.C *.s *.S))
273
# automatically determine library directories (to pull library sources in from)
274
# by matching included headers in project sources to headers that exist in the
275
# roots of any library directories, giving priority to libraries in the order
276
# they're in LIBRARYPATH, and then to the alphabetically-greater named library
277
# (this is a really stupid way of doing it, but it's how the IDE works -- if
278
# it's causing problems, you can override it by setting LIBRARIES manually)
279
INCLUDEDHEADERS := $(shell sed -ne '/^[ \t]*\#[ \t]*include[ \t<"]/ {' \
280
-e 's/^.*[<"]\(.*\)[>"].*/\1/p' -e '}' $(SOURCES))
281
reverse = $(if $(1),$(call reverse,$(wordlist 2,$(words $(1)),$(1)))) \
283
LIBRARYHEADERS := $(foreach dir, $(LIBRARYPATH), \
284
$(call reverse, $(sort $(wildcard $(dir)/*))))
285
LIBRARYHEADERS := $(foreach dir, $(LIBRARYHEADERS), $(wildcard $(dir)/*.h))
286
LIBRARYDIRS := $(foreach hdr, $(INCLUDEDHEADERS), $(patsubst %/$(hdr), %, \
287
$(firstword $(filter %/$(hdr), $(LIBRARYHEADERS)))))
291
# expand LIBRARYDIRS (initialised from LIBRARIES, if specified)
292
ifneq "$(LIBRARIES)" ""
293
LIBRARYDIRS := $(foreach lib, $(LIBRARIES), \
294
$(firstword $(wildcard $(addsuffix /$(lib), $(LIBRARYPATH)))))
296
LIBRARYDIRS := $(LIBRARYDIRS) \
297
$(addsuffix /utility, $(LIBRARYDIRS)) \
298
$(addsuffix /src, $(LIBRARYDIRS))
301
TARGET := $(if $(TARGET),$(TARGET),a.out)
302
OBJECTS := $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
303
DEPFILES := $(patsubst %, .dep/%.dep, $(SOURCES))
304
ARDUINOLIB := .lib/arduino.a
305
ARDUINOLIBOBJS := $(foreach dir, $(ARDUINOCOREDIR) $(LIBRARYDIRS), \
306
$(patsubst %, .lib/%.o, $(wildcard $(addprefix $(dir)/, \
307
*.c *.cc *.cpp *.C *.s *.S))))
308
BOOTLOADERHEX := $(addprefix \
309
$(ARDUINOBACKENDDIR)/bootloaders/$(BOARD_BOOTLOADER_PATH)/, \
310
$(BOARD_BOOTLOADER_FILE))
188
findsoftware = $(firstword $(wildcard $(addsuffix /$(1), $(AVRTOOLSPATH))))
313
BUILDTOOLSPATH ?= $(subst :, , $(PATH)) $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools \
314
$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin
315
findsoftware = $(firstword $(wildcard $(addsuffix /$(1), $(BUILDTOOLSPATH))))
189
316
CC := $(call findsoftware,avr-gcc)
190
317
CXX := $(call findsoftware,avr-g++)
191
318
LD := $(call findsoftware,avr-ld)
192
319
AR := $(call findsoftware,avr-ar)
320
AS := $(call findsoftware,avr-as)
193
321
OBJCOPY := $(call findsoftware,avr-objcopy)
194
322
AVRDUDE := $(call findsoftware,avrdude)
195
323
AVRSIZE := $(call findsoftware,avr-size)
198
TARGET := $(if $(TARGET),$(TARGET),a.out)
199
OBJECTS := $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
200
DEPFILES := $(patsubst %, .dep/%.dep, $(SOURCES))
201
ARDUINOCOREDIR := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
202
ARDUINOLIB := .lib/arduino.a
203
ARDUINOLIBLIBSDIR := $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries
204
ARDUINOLIBLIBSPATH := $(foreach lib, $(LIBRARIES), \
205
$(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/$(lib)/ $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/$(lib)/utility/ )
206
ARDUINOLIBOBJS := $(foreach dir, $(ARDUINOCOREDIR) $(ARDUINOLIBLIBSPATH), \
207
$(patsubst %, .lib/%.o, $(wildcard $(addprefix $(dir)/, *.c *.cpp))))
325
# default arduino version
326
ARDUINOCONST ?= $(if $(filter /, $(ARDUINOBACKENDS)),100,150)
328
# default serial device to a poor guess (something that might be an arduino)
331
SERIALDEV := $(firstword $(wildcard \
332
/dev/ttyACM? /dev/ttyUSB? /dev/tty.usbserial* /dev/tty.usbmodem*))
336
# avrdude confifuration
208
337
ifeq "$(AVRDUDECONF)" ""
209
338
ifeq "$(AVRDUDE)" "$(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avrdude"
210
339
AVRDUDECONF := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/tools/avr/etc/avrdude.conf
218
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "boards"
219
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
220
$(error BOARD is unset. Type 'make boards' to see possible values)
225
# obtain board parameters from the arduino boards.txt file
226
BOARDS_FILE := $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/boards.txt
228
$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.mcu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
229
BOARD_BUILD_FCPU := \
230
$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.f_cpu=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
231
BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT := \
232
$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.variant=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
233
BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED := \
234
$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).upload.speed=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
235
BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL := \
236
$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).upload.protocol=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
238
$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.vid=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
240
$(shell sed -ne "s/$(BOARD).build.pid=\(.*\)/\1/p" $(BOARDS_FILE))
243
ifeq "$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)" ""
244
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "boards"
245
ifneq "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" "clean"
246
$(error BOARD is invalid. Type 'make boards' to see possible values)
252
346
CPPFLAGS += -Os -Wall -fno-exceptions -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections
253
347
CPPFLAGS += -funsigned-char -funsigned-bitfields -fpack-struct -fshort-enums
254
CPPFLAGS += -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)
348
CPPFLAGS += -fpermissive -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)
255
349
CPPFLAGS += -DF_CPU=$(BOARD_BUILD_FCPU) -DARDUINO=$(ARDUINOCONST)
350
CPPFLAGS += -DARDUINO_$(BOARD_BUILD_BOARD) -DARDUINO_ARCH_$(ARDUINOBACKENDARCH)
256
351
CPPFLAGS += -DUSB_VID=$(BOARD_USB_VID) -DUSB_PID=$(BOARD_USB_PID)
257
352
CPPFLAGS += -I. -Iutil -Iutility -I $(ARDUINOCOREDIR)
258
CPPFLAGS += -I $(ARDUINODIR)/hardware/arduino/variants/$(BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT)/
259
CPPFLAGS += $(addprefix -I $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/, $(LIBRARIES))
260
CPPFLAGS += $(patsubst %, -I $(ARDUINODIR)/libraries/%/utility, $(LIBRARIES))
353
CPPFLAGS += -I $(ARDUINOBACKENDDIR)/variants/$(BOARD_BUILD_VARIANT)/
354
CPPFLAGS += $(addprefix -I , $(LIBRARYDIRS))
261
355
CPPDEPFLAGS = -MMD -MP -MF .dep/$<.dep
262
356
CPPINOFLAGS := -x c++ -include $(ARDUINOCOREDIR)/Arduino.h
263
357
AVRDUDEFLAGS += $(addprefix -C , $(AVRDUDECONF)) -DV
264
AVRDUDEFLAGS += -p $(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) -P $(SERIALDEV)
265
AVRDUDEFLAGS += -c $(BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL) -b $(BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED)
358
AVRDUDEFLAGS += -p$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU) -P$(SERIALDEV) -c$(BOARD_UPLOAD_PROTOCOL)
359
AVRDUDEFLAGS += $(addprefix -b, $(BOARD_UPLOAD_SPEED))
266
360
LINKFLAGS += -Os -Wl,--gc-sections -mmcu=$(BOARD_BUILD_MCU)
268
362
# figure out which arg to use with stty (for OS X, GNU and busybox stty)